Steam Jet Refrigeration Cycle

Synthetic Engineering and Processing 41 (2002) 551†561 www. elsevier. com/find/cep Evaluation of steam stream ejectors Hisham El-Dessouky *, Hisham Ettouney, Imad Alatiqi, Ghada Al-Nuwaibit Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait Uni6ersity, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait Received 4 April 2001; got in overhauled structure 26 September 2001; acknowledged 27 September 2001 Abstract Steam fly ejectors are a fundamental part in refrigeration and cooling, desalination, oil re? ning, petrochemical and compound industries.The ejectors structure a vital piece of refining sections, condensers and other warmth trade forms. In this examination, semi-experimental models are created for plan and rating of steam fly ejectors. The model gives the entrainment proportion as an element of the development proportion and the weights of the entrained fume, thought process steam and packed fume. Additionally, connections are created for the rationale stea m pressure at the spout exit as a component of the evaporator and condenser pressures and the region proportions as an element of the entrainment proportion and the stream pressures. This takes into account full plan of the ejector, where de? ing the ejector load and the weights of the thought process steam, evaporator and condenser gives the entrainment proportion, the intention steam pressure at the spout outlet and the cross segment zones of the diffuser and the spout. The created connections depend on huge database that incorporates maker structure information and trial information. The model incorporates connections for the stifled ? ow with pressure proportions over 1. 8. Moreover, a relationship is accommodated the non-stifled ? ow with pressure proportions underneath 1. 8. The estimations of the coef? cient of assurance (R 2) are 0. 85 and 0. 78 for the stifled and non-gagged ? w connections, individually. With respect to the connections for the thought process steam pressur e at the spout outlet and the region proportions, all have R 2 qualities over 0. 99.  © 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights saved. Catchphrases: Steam fly ejectors; Choked ? ow; Heat siphons; Thermal fume pressure 1. Presentation Currently, the vast majority of the ordinary cooling and refrigeration frameworks depend on mechanical fume pressure (MVC). These cycles are controlled by a top notch type of vitality, electrical vitality. The inef? cient utilization of the vitality required to work such a procedure can be produced by the burning of fossil uels and hence adds to an expansion in ozone harming substances and the age of air toxins, for example, NOx, SOx, particulates and ozone. These toxins effectsly affect human wellbeing and the earth. Furthermore, MVC refrigeration and cooling cycles utilize unpleasant chloro-? oro-carbon mixes (CFCs), which, upon discharge, adds to the demolition of the defensive ozone layer in the upper environment. * Corresponding creator. Tel. : + 965-4811188ãâ€"5613; fax: + 9654839498. E - mail address: [emailâ protected] kuniv. edu. kw (H. El-Dessouky). Ecological contemplations and the requirement for ef? cient se of accessible vitality require the improvement of procedures dependent on the utilization of poor quality warmth. These procedures receive entrainment and pressure of low weight fume to higher weights reasonable for various frameworks. The pressure procedure happens in retention, adsorption, substance or stream ejector fume pressure cycles. Stream ejectors have the most straightforward con? guration among different fume pressure cycles. As opposed to different procedures, ejectors are framed of a solitary unit associated with tubing of thought process, entrained and blend streams. Likewise, ejectors do exclude valves, rotors or other moving parts and are accessible ommercially in different sizes and for various applications. Fly ejectors have lower capital and upkeep cost than the other con? gurations. Then aga in, the principle disadvantages of fly ejectors incorporate the accompanying: ? Ejectors are intended to work at a solitary ideal point. Deviation from this ideal outcomes in sensational weakening of the ejector execution. 0255-2701/02/$ †see front issue  © 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights saved. PII: S 0 2 5 †2 7 0 1 ( 0 1 ) 0 1 7 6 †3 552 ? H. El - Dessouky et al. /Chemical Engineering and Processing 41 (2002) 551 †561 Ejectors have low warm ef? iency. Uses of fly ejectors incorporate refrigeration, cooling, expulsion of non-condensable gases, transport of solids and gas recuperation. The capacity of the stream ejector varies significantly in these procedures. For instance, in refrigeration and cooling cycles, the ejector packs the entrained fume to higher weight, which takes into account buildup at a higher temperature. Additionally, the ejector entrainment process continues the low weight on the evaporator side, which permits vanishing at low temperat ure. Accordingly, the cold evaporator ? uid can be utilized for refrigeration and cooling functions.As for the expulsion of non-condensable gases in heat move units, the ejector entrainment process forestalls their gathering inside condensers or evaporators. The nearness of non-condensable gases in heat trade units diminishes the warmth move ef? ciency and expands the buildup temperature on account of their low warm conductivity. Additionally, the nearness of these gases improves consumption responses. Be that as it may, the ejector cycle for cooling and refrigeration has lower ef? ciency than the MVC units, however their benefits are showed upon the utilization of poor quality vitality that has restricted impact on nature and lower ooling and warming unit cost. Despite the fact that the development and activity standards of stream ejectors are notable, the accompanying segments give a concise synopsis of the significant highlights of ejectors. This is important so as to follow the conversation and investigation that follow. The traditional steam fly ejector has three primary parts: (1) the spout; (2) the pull chamber; and (3) the diffuser (Fig. 1). The spout and the diffuser have the geometry of uniting/wandering venturi. The distances across and lengths of different parts shaping the spout, the diffuser and the attractions chamber, along with the stream ? ow rate and properties, de? e the ejector limit and execution. The ejector limit is de? ned as far as the ? ow paces of the thought process steam and the entrained fume. The whole of the thought process and entrained fume mass ? ow rates gives the mass ? ow pace of the compacted fume. With respect to the ejector execution, it is de? ned as far as entrainment, extension and pressure proportions. The entrainment proportion (w ) is the ? ow pace of the entrained fume Fig. 1. Variety in stream weight and speed as a component of area along the ejector. H. El - Dessouky et al. /Chemical Engineering and Processing 41 (2002) 551 †561 isolated by the stream pace of the intention steam.As for the development proportion (Er), it is de? ned as the proportion of the thought process steam strain to the entrained fume pressure. The pressure proportion (Cr) gives the weight proportion of the packed fume to the entrained fume. Varieties in the stream speed and weight as a component of area inside the ejector, which are appeared in Fig. 1, are clarified underneath: ? The thought process steam enters the ejector at point (p ) with a subsonic speed. ? As the stream ? ows in the combining some portion of the ejector, its weight is decreased and its speed increments. The stream arrives at sonic speed at the spout throat, where its Mach number is equivalent to one. The expansion in the cross segment zone in the separating some portion of the spout brings about an abatement of the stun wave pressure and an increment in its speed to supersonic conditions. ? At the spout outlet plane, point (2), the ratio nale steam pressure becomes lower than the entrained fume weight and its speed extends somewhere in the range of 900 and 1200 m/s. ? The entrained fume at point (e ) enters the ejector, where its speed increments and its weight diminishes to that of point (3). ? The thought process steam and entrained fume streams may blend inside the attractions chamber and the combining area of the diffuser or it might ? ow as two separate treams as it enters the steady cross segment region of the diffuser, where blending happens. ? In either case, the blend experiences a stun inside the steady cross segment territory of the diffuser. The stun is related with an expansion in the blend weight and decrease of the blend speed to subsonic conditions, point (4). The stun happens in view of the back weight obstruction of the condenser. ? As the subsonic blend rises up out of the steady cross segment zone of the diffuser, further weight increment happens in the wandering segment of the diffuser, where pa rt of the active vitality of the blend is changed over into pressure.The weight of the developing ? uid is marginally higher than the condenser pressure, point (c ). Synopsis for various writing concentrates on ejector structure and execution assessment is appeared in Table 1. The accompanying blueprints the principle ? ndings of these investigations: ? Ideal ejector activity happens at the basic condition. The condenser pressure controls the area of the stun wave, where an expansion in the condenser pressure over the basic point brings about a quick decrease of the ejector entrainment proportion, since the stun wave moves towards the spout exit.Operating at pressures beneath the basic focuses has immaterial impact on the ejector entrainment proportion. 553 ? At the basic condition, the ejector entrainment proportion increments at lower pressure for the evaporator and condenser. Likewise, higher temperature for the evaporator expands the entrainment proportion. ? Utilization of a va riable position spout can keep up the ideal conditions for ejector activity. Subsequently, the ejector can be kept up at basic conditions regardless of whether the working conditions are changed. ? Multi-ejector framework expands the working extent and improves

Cauti

Forestalling catheter-related urinary tract contaminations Editor’s note: coming up next is adjusted from HCPro’s new book Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Build an Evidence-Based Program to Improve Patient Outcomes. For more data on this book or some other in our library, visit www. hcmarketplace. com. Catheter-related urinary tract diseases (CAUTIs) are the most widely recognized of all emergency clinic gained conditions (HACs).Eighty percent of urinary tract contaminations (UTIs) come about because of inhabiting urinary catheters, and 12%â€16% of patients admitted to intense consideration medical clinics may have inhabiting urinary catheters sooner or later during their remain. Probably the most ideal approaches to lessen the danger of CAUTI is to diminish the utilization of catheters. So as the association starts its excursion, it must choose which patients really need inhabiting urinary catheters. Which quiet populaces with which judgment s or conditions meet measures for inclusion? By what means can the association decrease the utilization of catheters?Are both male and female urinals promptly accessible for patients with urinary incontinence? Does the association have the ability to perform noninvasive bladder checking to survey post-void residuals? Are there patients who are contender for discontinuous catheterization to oversee urinary maintenance and bladder seepage? These kinds of inquiries should be viewed as when choices are made to embed an inhabiting urinary catheter to give bladder seepage. The best strategy for taking out medical clinic gained CAUTIs is counteraction because of diminishing the utilization of inhabiting urinary catheters (Robinson et al. 2007). The following best technique to diminish contaminations in patients who meet the conditions for catheter position is to confine catheter days by assessing the purposes behind proceeding with the catheter every day and evacuating the catheter right n ow patients not, at this point meet measures (Saint et al. , 2000; Munasinghe et al. , 2001). Build up a counteraction plan When patients do require inhabiting urinary catheters, continually assess the requirement for utilize and recognize different techniques for overseeing bladder waste at whatever point possible.Developing an avoidance plan for your association will diagram ventures for doctors and medical attendants to use in settling on these significant clinical choices. The anticipation plan must incorporate instruments to direct clinicians’ dynamic with respect to the inclusion, care, and continuation of inhabiting urinary catheters to guarantee avoidance of CAUTIs in patients conceded for inpatient care. A case of these fundamental devices is a calculation for settling on choices with respect to the inclusion, continuation, and evacuation of urinary catheters and a methods for routinely evaluating and reporting proceeded with requirement for the catheter on an every day basis.In expansion, proof based consideration must be given to patients requiring proceeded with catheter use, so a CAUTI group is likewise a basic CAUTI avoidance instrument for clinicians. Survey patients at confirmation As patients enter your association, appraisals and suitable moves ought to be made with respect to patients who are suggestive for UTIs. Having the proper tests finished to have the option to archive that the patient’s UTI was available on confirmation (POA) helps spare the association from being considered responsible for a CAUTI in situations where the patient presents with a catheter set up or requires catheter position not long after admission.Detailed appraisals of patients by their medical attendants during the affirmation procedure must be deliberately cooperated with, and upheld by, doctor documentation to decide if a patient’s UTI went before arrangement of the urinary catheter and was POA or whether the contamination was obtained becaus e of the emergency clinic affirmation and is then viewed as a HAC. POA conditions are resolved with the accompanying rules: †¢ There must be away from within the sight of analysis/condition at time of confirmation or advancement of the issue after affirmation. †¢ Physician documentation of the condition must exist in the patient’s clinical record.If POA, it must be archived simultaneously with the physician’s affirmation orders. †¢ Primary duty regarding total and exact documentation lies with the doctor/authorized autonomous specialist. †¢ Any inadequate documentation requires supplier explanation. Recognize hazard factors Physicians and attendants must work intently as a group to distinguish patients at high hazard for CAUTI and cautiously and precisely archive discoveries in patients’ clinical records. These intraprofessional colleagues should likewise impart the insight that the best methods for forestalling CAUTIs is to decrease catheter use at whatever point possible.Starting with thorough patient accounts on appearance is fundamental to distinguish patients’ chance elements for building up a CAUTI or to decide if they as of now have an UTI on confirmation. As indicated by current discoveries in the writing and a record survey of patients with CAUTI, coming up next are hazard factors (Lo et al. , 2008): †¢ Gender (e. g. , ladies are bound to have UTIs than men) †¢ Advanced age †¢ History of urinary tract issues (e. g. , amplified prostate or urologic medical procedure) †¢ Neurologic conditions (e. g. , spinal rope injury) causing neurogenic bladder issues †¢ Previous UTIs Previous and additionally current strange voiding designs †¢ Current catheter history †¢ Incontinence †¢ Comorbid conditions, for example, diabetes †¢ Immunosuppression what's more, quiet evaluations must incorporate documentation of any signs and side effects of UTIs, including: †¢ A regul ar desire to pee †¢ A difficult, consuming inclination in the region of the bladder or urethra while peeing †¢ A totality in the rectum (in men) †¢ Suprapubic delicacy †¢ Passing just a limited quantity of pee †¢ Cloudy or rosy shaded pee †¢ Fever more prominent than 100. 3? F (38? C) with or without chills †¢ Incontinence †¢ Pain in the back or sideClinicians ought to recall that not every person with an UTI creates signs and side effects. It is imperative to recognize suggestive and asymptomatic bacteriuria in these hospitalized patients (Tambyah and Maki, 2000). References Lo, E. , Nicolle, L. , Classen, D. , Arias, K. M. , et al. (2008). â€Å"Strategies to forestall catheter-related urinary tract contaminations in intense consideration medical clinics. † Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 29: S41â€S50. Munasinghe, R. L. , Yazdani, H. , Siddique, M. , and Hafeez, W. (2001). â€Å"Appropriateness of utilization of inhabi ting urinary catheters in patients conceded o the clinical help. † Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22: 647â€649. Robinson, S. , Allen, L. , Barnes, M. R. , et al. (2007). â€Å"Development of a proof based convention for decrease of inhabiting urinary catheter utilization. † MedSurg Nursing 16(3): 157â€161. Holy person, S. , Weise, J. , Armory, J. K. , et al. (2000). â€Å"Are doctors mindful of which of their patients have inhabiting urinary catheters? † American Journal of Medicine 109: 476â€480. Tambyah, P. A. , and Maki, D. G. (2000). â€Å"Catheter-related urinary tract disease is infrequently suggestive. † Archives of Internal Medicine 160: 678â€687.

How Marijuana Affects Sustained Attention

How Marijuana Affects Sustained Attention Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print How Marijuana Affects Sustained Attention Study at University of Georgia Reveal Attention Problems By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on June 27, 2018 Aaron Black/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There is a belief held by many marijuana users that smoking weed heightens their awareness and therefore increases their ability and skills in doing tasks, such as driving a motor vehicle. Many visitors to the Verywell.com Alcoholism site, who self-report marijuana use, claim that the  are actually better drivers when they are high than when they are not. But, is that actually the case? Researchers at the University of Georgia have found that it could be true that smoking marijuana may indeed increase the users motor skills - for a while. But, they conclude, over time any increase in skill level they may acquire is negated by serious attention problems. The Georgia researchers, led by Jonathon Crystal, found that sustained attention to timing-tasks was substantially altered in laboratory rats when they were given a synthetic cannabinoid. Under the influence, the lab rats displayed difficulty distinguishing between long and short periods of time during tasks for which they were trained. Long-Term Attention Problems In the real world, this suggests that someone smoking marijuana might well be able to do a task briefly, but over time there could be serious attention problems, said Crystal. The implication is that users of marijuana could be lulled into thinking they are capable of using the motor skills for such actions as driving when in fact there could be serious long-term attention-span problems. For the study, the scientists set up a task which the rats usually perform with a great deal of accuracy. They learned to press one lever to receive a pellet of food after hearing a short sound (4 seconds) or another lever if the sound was long (16 seconds). Measuring Attention Spans Under these circumstances, animals will typically learn to press the correct lever with high accuracy, the authors said. The research team then played sounds of intermediate length to find a midpoint at which rats were equally likely to respond as if the sound were short or long. Substantial Decline in Sensitivity to Time After the rats learned the right levers to press, they were injected with a synthetic cannabinoid, and their sensitivity to time was measured. Being under the influence produced a substantial decline in sensitivity to time. The researchers said they used a synthetic compound rather than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana because the synthetic cannabinoid is more powerful and easier to use in laboratory settings. However, it is so close chemically to THC, they said, that the findings can be equated with the effects of THC. The investigators concluded that the general ability to maintain attention was altered by exposure to the cannabinoid. The cannabinoid produced an attention disorder and disrupted the performance of the task.

Essay on Dyslexia an Overview - 2069 Words

Dyslexia in practice Dyslexia is a term regularly bandied about the educational community and is a word that is likely to have been heard by most of the general public. For all its popularity, dyslexia is a term that is shrouded in confusion and ambiguity. This confusion was experienced first hand during SE1 and has been observed as something trainee teachers and teachers alike encounter regularly (PLL, 5/11/11], Appendix 1, pg2). On that basis the rationale behind this assignment is to further understand the term ‘dyslexia’, to consider the definition and diagnosis, as well as the barriers to learning it can generate. Consideration will also be given to the strategies that can be employed to assist learning, as well as promote the†¦show more content†¦Screening can only suggest that there is a high probability of dyslexia. This however may change as recent research suggests that there is a genetic marker that can be identified in children with dyslexia (Fisher et al 2002). Curre ntly however, a workable programme has yet to materialise. Screening currently considers a wide range of abilities, such as word recognition, writing style and speed, organisational skills and memory. For dyslexia to be recognised as a Special Educational Need and the requisite educational support given, an ‘official’ assessment by a dyslexia specialist or educational psychologist is required. These assessments are mainly completed following a referral to the Local Authority usually by a SENCO or parent. This assessment results in a report which outlines not only the child’s difficulties and ways to improve, but also the strengths the child has. It is argued that identifying the strengths of the child is vital to developing a plan to assist a child with their weaknesses. Peer (2006) amongst others is keen to dispel the myth that dyslexia is linked to intelligence; in fact the contrary can be said. Often dyslexic learners have very well developed interpersonal, creative and oral skills, if these skills can be harnessed as a means of developing weaker areas it is argued progress will be made. Barriers to Learning and Strategies Learning is a cognitive process and manyShow MoreRelatedThe Roles of Genetics and Nurture on People with Dyslexia1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roles of Genetics and Nurture on People with Dyslexia Dyslexia is a lifelong struggle with constant challenges with reading and speaking. About five to ten percent of the United States population deals with the learning disorder dyslexia (Van den Honert, n.d.). It is a neurological condition that is mainly caused by genetics but there are some rare cases in which it is acquired. Dyslexia interrupts the normal processes of reading and speaking (Van den Honert, n.d.). All of which areRead MoreReflective Essay On Dyslexia1065 Words   |  5 PagesOverview Dyslexia is a learning disability which affects 1 in 5 people. As someone who lives with the challenge of dyslexia I have been subjected to people’s misunderstanding of the condition, their misjudgements and their prejudice. Not aware of the hidden challenges someone with dyslexia faces daily , I decided to write a stream of consciousness to allow readers to understand how debilitating and distressing the condition can be. KU3 Knowledge and understanding of ways in which texts are createdRead MoreAn Evaluation Of Elementary School1495 Words   |  6 PagesOverview Wallace Scott Elementary School is part of the Masonville Independent School District. The rural community of Masonville has a population of 15,000. The school is labeled â€Å"at risk† due to factors like transience, underemployment, and poverty. In addition to being a Title 1 school, Scott Elementary also serves a large population of students identified by the teachers as reluctant years. The demographic is primarily minorities, with 65% Hispanic and 30% African-American students. 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Major life stressors for BarryRead MoreHow With Your Sprinkle Of Dyscalculia1546 Words   |  7 Pagesis developmental dyscalculia. â€Å"Acquired Dyscalculia† sometimes happens in adults after a brain injury or a stroke. The percentage of the population with developmental dyscalculia is between 3 and 6 percent. That’s around the same percentage as dyslexia, but dyscalculia is very unstudied. Symptoms There is no definitive list of symptoms because dyscalculia is so understudied, but for elementary school children here is a list of symptoms proven by research. 1. Delay in counting 2.Read MoreProblems Caused by Dyslexia Essay2567 Words   |  11 Pagesaverage class. Dyslexia as a term was coined just over 100 years ago in the British Medical Journal (Pringle-Morgan, 1896). Even if there were early clinical reports about dyslexia, it still remained in the dark until 1960s, when research turned toward identifying systemic differences between `dyslexic and normal readers. Dyslexia - A Definition: I have come across various definitions of Dyslexia. Singletons (1992) definition is very simple. In fact he defines dyslexia as an unexpectedRead MoreMeaningful Pedagogy: Evaluation of Learning Goals and Targets914 Words   |  4 Pageswriting, but is able to read well. That student could dictate the report to a tape recorder or voice recognition program on a computer, then fine-tune it later on. A calculator could be used at the appropriate times for math issues. Someone with dyslexia could benefit from a program that would read scanned in text to them, and this technology could even be used as they get older for instructional manuals, etc. Alternative keyboards could be used for students with physical disabilities, just as hearingRead MoreIndividuals With Disabilities Education Act1688 Words   |  7 Pagesstimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment, that is due to chronic or acute health problems and adversely affects a child’s educational performance. https://www.naset.org/2278.0.html This website gives an overview of other health impairments. It lists the causes and characteristics of these impairments and even the age on set of these impairments. Educational Consideration: Children with physical disabilities typically want to be self-sufficient, and they

Suit against the Church of the Divine Light Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The term "false imprisonment" is misleading in that it does not necessarily refer to confinement within a prison. Ware v. Dunn, 80 Cal. App. 2d 936, 183 P. 2d 128 (2d Dist. 1947). The term is broadly construed to mean detention of the plaintiff within boundaries fixed by the defendant, Stallings v. Foster, 119 Cal. App. 2d 614, 259 P. 2d 1006 (3d Dist. 1953), either in prison Gogue v. MacDonald, 35 Cal. 2d 482, 218 P. 2d 542, 21 A. L.R. 2d 639 (1950) (county jail); Collins v. Owens, 77 Cal. App. 2d 713, 176 P. 2d 372 (1st Dist. 1947) (incarceration in "drunk" cell) or in any place temporarily used for the purpose of confinement. Vandiveer v. Charters, 110 Cal. App. 347, 294 P. 440 (3d Dist. 1930). Thus, an action may be predicated on detention or confinement in a juvenile home McAlmond v. Trippel, 93 Cal. App. 584, 269 P. 937 (3d Dist. 1928) (rejecting contention that there can be no false imprisonment when detention is had under juvenile court laws and by juvenile court officers) or in a mental institution Collins v. We will write a custom essay sample on Suit against the Church of the Divine Light or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Raphael Weill Co., 90 Cal. App. 2d 461, 203 P. 2d 564 (1st Dist. 1949), or even the plaintiff's own home. Schanafelt v. Seaboard Finance Co. , 108 Cal. App. 2d 420, 239 P. 2d 42 (2d Dist. 1951). The term "false imprisonment" is misleading in that it does not necessarily refer to confinement within a prison. Ware v. Dunn, 80 Cal. App. 2d 936, 183 P. 2d 128 (2d Dist. 1947). The term is broadly construed to mean detention of the plaintiff within boundaries fixed by the defendant, Stallings v. Foster, 119 Cal. App. 2d 614, 259 P. 2d 1006 (3d Dist. 1953), either in prison Gogue v. MacDonald, 35 Cal. 2d 482, 218 P. 2d 542, 21 A. L.R. 2d 639 (1950) (county jail); Collins v. Owens, 77 Cal. App. 2d 713, 176 P. 2d 372 (1st Dist. 1947) (incarceration in "drunk" cell) or in any place temporarily used for the purpose of confinement. Vandiveer v. Charters, 110 Cal. App. 347, 294 P. 440 (3d Dist. 1930). Thus, an action may be predicated on detention or confinement in a juvenile home McAlmond v. Trippel, 93 Cal. App. 584, 269 P. 937 (3d Dist. 1928) (rejecting contention that there can be no false imprisonment when detention is had under juvenile court laws and by juvenile court officers) or in a mental institution Collins v. Jones, 131 Cal. App. 747, 22 P. 2d 39 (2d Dist. 1933) (overruled in part on other grounds by, Whaley v. Kirby, 208 Cal. App. 2d 232, 25 Cal. Rptr. 50 (4th Dist. 1962)), or hospital. Parker v. Los Angeles County, 62 Cal. App. 2d 130, 144 P. 2d 70 (2d Dist. 1943). So also, the place of confinement may be the office of an employer, Vandiveer v. Charters, 110 Cal. App. 347, 294 P. 440 (3d Dist. 1930); Moffatt v. Buffums' Inc. , 21 Cal. App. 2d 371, 69 P. 2d 424 (2d Dist. 1937), a department store, Hanna v. Raphael Weill Co., 90 Cal. App. 2d 461, 203 P. 2d 564 (1st Dist. 1949), or even the plaintiff's own home. Schanafelt v. Seaboard Finance Co. , 108 Cal. App. 2d 420, 239 P. 2d 42 (2d Dist. 1951). False imprisonment is defin ed by the California Penal Code as the unlawful violation of the personal liberty of another. Pen. Code, 236. The tort of false imprisonment is identical to the crime of false imprisonment, as defined under the Penal Code. Fermino v. Fedco, Inc. , 7 Cal. 4th 701, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d 18, 872 P. 2d 559, 59 Cal. Comp. Cas. (MB) 296, 9 I. E.R. Cas. (BNA) 1132 (1994).

Internet Usage Of Social Media - 1144 Words

OVERVIEW: Internet usage has become a heavily integrated and important characteristic of current and contemporary society. It would be rare to meet anyone who has not yet used any aspect of the Internet. In fact, according to the article, Social Media Update 2016 written by Shannon Greenwood, Andrew Perrin, and Maeve Duggun of the Pew Research center, â€Å"86% of Americans are currently internet users† (Greenwood et al.) This percentage includes teenagers, emerging adults, and adults. Below are observations of the different trends in internet usage of these different age groups. TEENS: The Pew Research center refers to the age group of teens as those being between the ages of 12 to 17. Amongst this age bracket, â€Å"87% of those (†¦) now use the†¦show more content†¦According to Amanda Lenhart from the piece, Teens and Sexting, â€Å"4% of cell-owning teens ages 12-17 say they have sent sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images of themselves to someone else via text messaging [and] 15% of cell-owning teens ages 12-17 say they have received [them]† (Lenhart). In addition to sexting, cyberbullying has become a major issue online. The article, Cyberbullying 2010: What the Research Tells Us, â€Å"32% of teens have experienced (†¦) forms of online harassment† (Lenhart). Though there is no way to completely stop the existence of these problems the application of Education about internet usage, dangers, and consequences amongst teens will lessen the exposure of both inappropriate contact and content through online communicat ion. EMERGING ADULTS: I will be referring to the age bracket of 18-29 as the emerging adult group. Similarly to the teens, emerging adults of today’s society heavily use and rely on the internet and internet technologies as forms of communication and entertainment. Andrew Perrin and Maeve Duggen of the article, Americans’ Internet Access: 2000-2015, observes that â€Å"96% of 18 to 29-year-olds use the internet† (Perrin at al.) Among the 96% of internet users in the age group, â€Å"90% of them use social networking sites,† as reported by the article Social Media Usage: 2005-2015 (Perrin). A majority of social media networking traffic comes fromShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Its Impacts On Family Life1585 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovation, internet and media shown to have several effects on human life on the other side. It has its impact in great and terrible routes on the brains of individuals. It is a key element in choosing the eventual fate of people in the mean time having its own impact on the human conduct creatures on the other side. This article focuses on how changing innovation has its impacts on family life. Family connections have taken a noteworthy change in family unit web usage and the Media. InvestingRead MoreMobile Usage And Social Media1650 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, the relationship between globalization and social media and smartphones is involved with the daily life of people around the world. The use of mobile systems dramatically increased in the 20th century. (Mjos, 2012) This essay will explain the differences and similarities of mobile usages and use of social media between British society and that in my home, Thailand. There are various causes to employ electronic devices and social media, some of which were the same and some different. In orderRead MoreSocial Medi Its Effect On You1144 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Its effect on you What is social media? Definition by Google: websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Facebook Twitter Tumblr Pinterest Analogy Think of regular media as a newspaper or the radio or the television. Then, social media is a two way street, allowing you to communicate and respond to the media. Examples Can also include†¦ Social Media categories Top Ten Social Media Sites Quick stats - Video How do weRead MoreRelationshipe between Online Connection and Decline in Civic Engagement1084 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, roughly 81% of the population uses the Internet every day in some way.(15) This high penetration rate confirms how omnipresent new media is within the population. With the advent of this new media age, have come revolutions in the way that we live our lives. One of the most important changes brought by the new media age concerns the very basis of human engagement and sociality. Whereas past communities existed primarily in physical locations, individuals were dependent on transportationRead MoreEffects Of Using Instagram On High School Students Academic Studies1001 Words   |  5 Pagesand achieve academically. Introduction: Instagram is a fast growing popular social media device. It is a photo sharing medium and therefore it is increasing in popularity more than any other type of social media. Young people and specifically teenagers spend a lot of time browsing through other people’s photos. Instagram is the most valuable social media to teenagers. (Meeker, 2015) As is the case with all social media people spend many hours using them, this is a result of an addiction to theseRead MoreTechnology Use Among Adolescents And Young Adults1481 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Adults The Internet Age has become a time in which computer technology has not been envisioned as a luxury, but rather a necessity in many parts of daily living. And as the positive impacts of technology use in the workplace, and education setting, becomes a reality then so does the negative consequences. However, the ability to deal with the negative consequences may be more difficult to deal with for adolescents and young adults who heavily use technology for social media, text messaging,Read MoreReview Of Couples, The Internet, And Social Media Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesCouples and Media Research The report â€Å"Couples, The Internet, and Social Media,† is an analysis from Amanda Lenhart and Maeve Duggan of the information collected from a study done by the Pew Research Center. The research was conducted to understand correlations between couples, a somewhat broadly defined category, and their interactions with the Internet and social media. Paramount findings of the study include that young adults’ relationships are more likely to be impacted by their media use and thatRead MoreThe Influence Of Internet Addiction1053 Words   |  5 Pages The Influence of Internet Addiction Have you been though things such as you open up your laptop to do your work or study but ended up playing video games and surfing on internet? It is believed that a great amount of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. Highly advanced internet make our life better, which is non-debatable, but there are also some drawbacks brought up by improper internet usage and one of the most influentialRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Find A Muse 1071 Words   |  5 PagesBe-Mused Marketing Strategy   Be-Mused, a play on words implying both to â€Å"find a muse† as well as be â€Å"mystified† is an omni channel social networking system dedicated to connecting users on the basis of hobbies and interests. Be-Mused uses geo social data to connect users, in real time, for events, gatherings, or one-on-one meetings, all orchestrated by independent users. Additionally, users have the ability to passively seek out activities. From starting an impromptu drum circle on Venice Beach,Read MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers And Young Adults1652 Words   |  7 PagesIn the other hand, social media can also have a negative effect on teenagers’ and young adults in their academic lives. One of the main consequences is addiction because students can easily get distracted by simply using their phones or laptop. This issue can harm the student’s concentration and the ability to learn new topics. Social media can easily grab the attention and concentration o f students which it can turn into inappropriate actions such as chatting and killing time during class time.

Circus in Town free essay sample

Jenny’s excitement grew with the possibility of being able to just catch a glimpse of the professional entertainers that she envied so much, but she knew her family was not financially stable enough to enjoy the luxury of attending the circus. Even with the mother’s doubt about their ability to escape their debts, Jenny’s optimism and imagination help her escape her reality and embrace the fact that her chaotic family is her own unique version of a circus. The positivity gives Jenny the power to let her hope and have fantasies that allow her to strive for better opportunities. Chris Garder in â€Å"Happiness for Sale† struggled financially as he was a homeless single father. Chris’ determination did not let any obstacles bring him down, instead he found an objective that kept him motivated, such as â€Å"the beauty of the [Ferrari]† (7). He questioned the owner’s success, and from that point on, he wanted to become a stockbroker. We will write a custom essay sample on Circus in Town or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chris’ mind set was on one track, he knew his goals and his optimism kept his spirit alive to where he turned his business from a â€Å"two-story building that [looked] like a squat glass box† (4) into an entrepreneur who â€Å"favours suits and Maui vacations† (11). These inspirations are what gave Chris the strength that he held onto for guidance and led him to reach his goals in a modest way. Which now he shares his life story hoping others will take the opportunity to do good form themselves and others around. Chris and Jenny both shared the obstacles of poverty and used optimism as a tool of comfort and security that let them hope for a positive future. Their strength has led them to both a happier life with Jenny’s imagination to capture her own circus, and Chris’ success to turn himself into a â€Å"household name† (3).

Self And Identity Essays - Psychology, Interpersonal Relationships

Self And Identity The better which a person develops an understanding of themselves and of the other people around them, the better able they will be able to develop intimate relationships. A person who has a negative model of self and has a negative model of others , otherwise known as Fearful, is going to shy away from attachment and be socially avoidant which obviously is going to affect the crisis of intimacy versus isolation. The example describes a person who is hesitant to make long term commitments and resists urges to display intimacy, but is capable of forming a dependency on him by the other in the relationship. A Preoccupied person has a negative self model and a positive model of others. They often tend to be overly dependent and ambivalent. The example suggests a person who might be shy and conservative but is capable of not displaying their awkward feelings to the other person. A Secure individual has a positive model of self and others. They are comfortable with intimacy and autonomy and often do not have a difficult time in forming intimate relationships. The example describes this person as someone who is very capable of healthy relationships and good communication skills. It seems like a secure person has all the good qualities that any relationship requires. And finally, a Dismissing person has a positive model of self but a negative model of others. They are characterized by denying attachment and their counter dependency. All of the differences among the different models result from past experiences in the individuals life. How they were raised in terms of different parenting styles and methods of child raising affect an individuals internal working models of self and others. Attachment styles of Secure individuals are described as passionate and selfless. They have high levels of intimacy, passion and are very committed and able to be trusted. This reminds me of the perfect girlfriend. I don't see a lot of jealously and bizarre head games coming from a secure person. They are highly self confident and low on self consciousness with their partner. They tend not to fear being close to another person and yet are not likely to go out of their mind when things don't feel right. Avoidant people are known for their head games. They tend to be low in terms of intimacy, passion and commitment. This reminds me of a relationship my roomate has with his girlfriend. They are both madly in love with each other and yet all they do is fight over stupid little game they play with each other. Neither one of them are faithful to the other and they rarely speak encouragingly of their relationship. They are both very self conscious and yet still interdependent on each other for support. An Ambivalent person tends to be very possessive of other individuals in a relationship with them. They tend not to be very passionate and trustworthy in terms of commitment. As its described in the worksheet that they are high on pre occupation, dependence, and idealization. They are known to be self conscious and yet still willing to initiate intimate relationships. Differences in internal working models of self and others as well as differences in attachment styles can be accredited to various influences. For example secure individuals have memories of their parents being warm and affectionate while Ambivalent people tend to remember their father being unfair. Differences in attachment beliefs and attitudes such as the amount of self doubts and self worth one has and ones ability to understand others are obvious from secure to ambivalent. Secure people tend to feel that others are trustworthy and dependable while avoidant folks think that social situations are difficult to understand. And finally while avoidant people need to maintain distance in relationships, secure and ambivalent people desire intimate relationships but vary in degree of intimacy. These differences stem from the individuals perception of others and where he/she fits into reality. People act how they think they are suppose to, so their perception of reality is a major factor in determining how they act in , and while establishing intimate relationships. Identity achievement comes from many years of exploring different roles and personalities. Like we discussed in class individuals can change their attitudes and personalities almost daily. As the person is trying new things he/she is also taking cues form society as to which role or personality they fit best. How and individual perceives these cues will determine how they choose which personality or role is right for them. As we

Empires Rise and Fall †History Essay

Empires Rise and Fall – History Essay Free Online Research Papers When history is viewed like a fast forwarded movie clip, it can be easily seen that history repeats itself. Empires rise and fall, power changes hands over and over again. The reason that the study of history plays such a prominent role in all forms of education is that history can be used to predict the future. As civilization and human intelligence advance beyond all boundaries of imagination, it is crucial for people to learn from mistakes of the past, and thus to prevent tragedies of the past to recur and create a true utopia for future generations. The society of Canada is a great example of a well-rounded society built upon the awareness of historical faults. Canada is one of the most peaceful nations on earth, with no significant conflicts since its confederation. The major reasons for this are social equality and relative neutrality on the international stage. Canadians are well aware that the major causes of wars in history are social inequality and political hatred. Therefore, the leaders of Canada have constructed sophisticated social welfare programs and strict taxation laws to close the gap and harmonize relationships among the Upper, Middle and Lower classes. In addition, Canada maintains a neutral stance on international conflicts, notably the crises in Iraq and Afghanistan. This, in effect, makes Canada a less likely target for retaliation in the form of terrorist attacks. The implementations of Canada’s internal and external policies have served well to shape Canada into one of the most suitable places to liv e in the world. As human civilization ventures into the unchartered territories of the future, it is absolutely necessary to look back into the depths of history to learn the invaluable lessons of success and failure. Research Papers on Empires Rise and Fall - History EssayQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Jazz experimentalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jazz experimentalists - Essay Example On a track called ‘Blue Eyes’, Bradford and his accompanying band expertly meld individual instrumental artistry with warm and lush melodies to create an inviting, yet wholly unique jazz experience. The track features Douglas Bradford on guitar, Chris Ward on tenor saxophone, Peter Schwebs on bass, and Luc Decker on drums, and starts with Bradford’s skilled virtuosity on the guitar. Shortly, afterward Chris Ward joins in on tenor and offers a nice counterpoint to Bradford’s syncopation. While Bradford displays his considerable skill on the guitar, his sound never loses touch with the audience and is always underlined by a soothing melodic element. Perhaps was greatest about the band’s sound is the seamless transitions they exhibit. Bradford’s guitar playing gives way to Ward’s saxophone and rather than sounding forced, the quick pause shows the band makes excellent use of the in-between times and silences. Ward’s saxophone is part John Coltrane part Miles Davis. As he weaves in and out of skilled improvisations, and contemplative ballads, it’s almost as if he is serenading the listener` at midnight. The band’s sound is sure to never fall into a lull however, and just as the listener begins to fall into a trance, they are quickly punctured by an off-setting pitch, or sharp burst of melody. While the percussion is never overly obtrusive, neither does it merely keep pace. The nature of the band’s sound is such that stylistic flourishes occur, in however a subtle fashion. This is perhaps the most accurate way to categorize their drums. At times they rely on stark minimalism to seduce the listener into the sinuous sonic journey, and at other times they are capable of stylistic flourishes that leave the listener calling for a long extended drum solo. In all they stand as virtuously proud as any other component of the band’s sound. While the individual features of Bradford’s sound are too be recognized for their excellence, it’s

Write a report on the article we google you Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report on the we google you - Article Example The young aspiring professional that is covered in the article is named Mimi Brewster. Mimi had great credentials such as a bachelor degree in Modern Chinese culture, an MBA from the University of Stanford, managerial experience in the apparel industry, and trilingual language skills which included English, Mandarin, and another Chinese dialect. The company interviewing Mimi had a position open in Shanghai China. The interviewer liked Mimi’s personality, skills, abilities, and her professional credentials. Fred, the interviewer, thought that talent like Mimi was hard to come by. He wanted to hire her after the first interview. Virginia Flanders, HR manager, continued with the employee selection process. One of her background checks included looking at the first eleven pages of Google after placing the name of the candidate. Virginia found a couple of articles about Mimi. During her college years she had been involved in protest against the WTO and against the Chinese government. These revelations worried the HR manager so much that she discarded Mimi as a legitimate candidate. Virginia advised Fred not to confront Mimi about the matter to protect the company against discrimination because due to abuse of privacy laws. At the end of the article the company was leaning towards not hiring Mimi. The article concluded with the evaluation of the scenario by four professionals working at important positions in different organizations. They would express their expert opinion on whether the company should hire Mimi or discard her as a candidate. The first opinion came from John Palfree, a law professor. He believes the company should hire Mimi. If the firm does not hire her due to the Google search they would be discriminating. He also believes that discarding candidates because of internet content is counterproductive. The action eliminates a lot of

Strategic Management Report on Toyota

Strategic Management Report on Toyota Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota) is the largest producer of automobiles in Japan and the worlds second largest automotive manufacturer based on production and sales. In 2010, Toyota sold 7.24 million units (Toyota, 2010). Toyota diversified operations include financial services, telecommunications, prefabricated housing and leisure boats. Besides its 12 plants and a number of manufacturing subsidiaries and affiliates in Japan, Toyota has 52 manufacturing companies in 27 countries that produce Lexus and Toyota brand vehicles and components. Toyota employs approximately 320,590 people worldwide, and markets vehicles in more than 170 countries. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and had an operating income of approximately 397.05 billion Yen (Toyota, 2011). And the main competitors of Toyota are General Motors, Honda Motors and Ford Motors (Daily Finance, 2011). 3. Analysis of Toyota Strategic Capabilities: 3.1 Company Capabilities Grant (2010) says about Lean production integrates capabilities relating to the manufacture of components and subassemblies, supply chain management, production scheduling, assembly, quality control procedures, systems for managing innovation and continuous improvement and inventory control. 3.1.1 Resources Innovation has always been a Toyota resource. In the 1970s Toyota began to produce smaller, more fuel-efficient cars, which customers desired after oil prices rocketed. Recently, it has used both diesel technology and the electric car. 3.1.2 Organizational Culture However, Toyotas main resource is the Toyota Way, the 14 principles behind the Toyota Production System (Combe, 2011). These originated in the post 1945 environment, when it was imperative to make the maximum use of scarce resources. Challenges, improvement, Kaisen, go and see (genchi genbutsu); respect and teamwork are the main tenets of these principles, which can be outlines as follows. Management decisions should be long term, as opposed to short term, although they should be arrived at consensually. Problems should be highlighted by continuous process, not hidden and resolved immediately so that a quality product is produced immediately. Only existing and trustworthy technology should be used and tasks need to be standardized so that the workload is leveled out and the workers are continually improving. Management should understand all aspects of the companys operations, and pass on their dedication to the companys goals to others. All workers, suppliers and affiliated should always be challenged to improve their performance. The latter means that Toyota becomes a leaning organization with workers being empowered to make changes as they perform their daily tasks. The Toyota Way has given Toyota a comparative advantage in both quality and reliability. 3.1.3 Supply Chain According to Winfield and Hay (1997) part of the strategic capabilities of Toyota includes the strategic capabilities of the supply chain. The pattern and organization of a supply chain is perceptibly a comprehensive topic, concerning inter dependencies between research and development, marketing and production roles, creating considerable courses of goods and technical, market and financial information. 3.2 Core Competencies Toyotas global competitive advantage is to build trust and confidence with customers by delivering outstanding quality products and services that add real value to their business. According to Drejer (2002), However, in recent years there has been a number of recalls of multiple models of Toyota, which are amazingly reliable. How could this possibly happen to the car company that was the undisputed leader in quality. 4. Evaluation of Possible Future Strategies for the Company: The main strategic issue for Toyota is maintaining its position as the worlds leading car manufacturer after the recent mass vehicle recall. 4.1 Future Strategies for Culture Change Based on the book titled 7 Lessons for Leading in Crisis written by George (2009), Toyota needs a credible leader with a strong, cohesive plan (George, 2010). 4.1.1 Face reality, starting with yourself Toyota blamed the problems on stuck floor mats and panicky drivers. Instead, Toyota should acknowledge that its vaunted quality system failed. CEO Toyoda should take personal responsibility by saying that he pushed too hard for growth and neglected quality. 4.1.2 Dont be Atlas; Get the world off your shoulders Toyoda needs a crisis team reporting directly to him, working 24/7 to get problems fixed permanently. He should add the worlds top quality experts to his fix it team and listen carefully to their advice. 4.1.3 Dig deep for the root cause Management should have required its best engineers to get to the root cause of this problem and every other quality problem being reported. 4.1.4 Get ready for the long haul These problems wont just fade away. In fact, they are likely to get worst before getting better. Toyota must invest heavily in corrective actions while its sales shrink and profits implode, requiring major cash resources until its reputation can be restored. 4.1.5 Never waste a good crisis For all the pain Toyota is experiencing, this crisis provides a unique opportunity to make fundamental changes required to restore Toyota quality. Employees are ready for new direction, and they are willing to make radical changes to renew the company. With Toyodas leadership, Toyota automobiles can be restored to the worlds highest quality. 4.1.6 Youre in the spotlight: Follow True North Toyoda must come out of hiding, take personal responsibility, and subject himself to intense questioning by regulators and the media. Then he should make a personal commitment to every Toyota customer to repair the damage, including buying back defective cars. 4.1.7 Go on offense; focus on winning now Coming out of this crisis, the market will never look the same. Toyota cannot wait until all its quality problems are resolved. It must play defense and offense simultaneously. To win, Toyota has to offer advanced features and superior quality, better value for consumers, greater safety, and improved fuel efficiency. 4.2 Future Strategies for Innovation Like Volkswagen, Toyota could design cars for specific markets (Welch, 2010). Penetration of the price sensitive Indian market could be achieved by producing its low cost car soon (The Economic Times, 2010). Toyota needs to pay more attention to the Chinese market, which is the largest and fastest growing. As Chinese families are smaller than their Western equivalents, this could be an opportunity for increased sales of the smaller Camry model (Xinhua, 2010). Retracting in Europe could fund expansion into these blossoming Asian markets. Specific markets could also be entered by joint ventures with local manufacturers. Volkswagen is aiming to do this in India, by acquiring a stake in Suzuki, which is a market leader there through its subsidiary Maruti (Ran Kim and Hetzner, 2009). Another possible strategy for Toyota is to restore its benchmark for quality and reliability, which has been severely impaired with the second recall of 4.2 million vehicles in 2009 (Bunkley, 2010). Crucial to this strategy, is the introduction of twenty dedicated technology facilities to highlight defects as quickly as possible (Guardian, 2010). In addition, the new regional quality subcommittees have the power to make improvements without head office approval. This would eradicate defects quickly, and, in turn reassure customers. 5. Implementation of the Strategic Change: Recently, public criticism focuses on complaints of too much computerization, problems with global sourcing, and the effects of Toyotas single-minded pursuit of becoming the worlds largest automaker. In fact, the recent criticism of Toyota in these areas demonstrated how leadership holds the keys to success and failure to organizational transformation. New Technology and Leadership Toyotas recent strategy to become the worlds number one automaker has been underpinned by using new know-how, new technology and new materials to improve, perfect and break through auto design and manufacturing. However, the strategy also required that Toyota shifted its focus form manufacturing engineering and built-in-quality toward research and development product design. When a company shifts its focus form lean production to technology innovation, there is an embedded obstacle culture change. On one hand, the essence of lean production dictates the elimination of waste. On the other hand, the uncertainties in new product development require that the manufacturer build in redundancy to manage the risks of the unknown and unsure a high level of safety. Trying to balance lean production with the need for redundancy is a difficult act that requires the leadership to be instrumental in making key decisions as well as leading and managing the change. Global Sourcing and Leadership Toyotas decisions on strategic positioning impacts its cooperation with suppliers. The suppliers original alignment of competitive advantages, core capabilities and value propositions needs to change along with that of Toyotas. such changes, unavoidably, will be reflected in vehicle quality, customer satisfaction and even customer safety. Some would view this as a by-product of the vehicle makers strategic move directed by its leadership. Others think the leadership should consider such impact as part of the change management alongside strategic planning shifts. Whatever it is, the key is the alignment, especially with corporate culture, people capabilities, acceptance of stress and pressure, and the ability to coordinate and change. World No. 1 and Leadership The new leadership certainly has felt the pressure. It is the responsibility of the leaders to sort out the alignment and coordination between strategic direction and operating model. Hopefully, the recall crisis will be treated once more as an opportunity to align its lean production culture and its operation excellence capabilities with its desire to leverage new technology, to continue sourcing from the globe while continuing to stay on the No. 1 pedestal. A transformation already is apparent. Toyota has become less defensive and has responded quickly to new complaints of defects. Leadership is no longer absent and now appears to be leading from the front. In consideration of the various issues, Toyotas growth strategy for the continued realization of Genchi Genbutsu and high quality at affordable prices will centre on a thorough customer first perspective (Toyota, 2010). Specifically, Toyota will review their product lineups to match customer needs in each region and create a production system that responds to changes in market structure while optimally allocating resources in areas where Toyota want to advance. 6. Conclusion Recommendations: Toyota seems to have abandoned one of its core competencies quality. Toyota is suffering from trying to get too big, too fast. Toyota sensed weakness from its auto rivals in the American market, and also noted opportunity in emerging markets such as China and India. So, it started enormous expansion around the world. In doing so, Toyota abandoned one of its core values, which is to never build a new product in a new factory with a new workforce. Toyota may have won the rights to brag as the worlds biggest car company, however, that appears to have come at a heavy cost to its reputation for quality and in turn customer dissatisfaction. Management needs to make sure that their projects and their goals are aligned with organizational values and core competencies. Understanding the importance of competencies and core values, and how they need to work in conjunction, is profoundly important for management success. Management should give thought and efforts towards developing both of these sets of attributes and remain focused on business goals. This is a challenging menu, and this crisis is the true test of Akio Toyodas leadership. Believe this is a great company that will resurrect its reputation and restore its leadership.

Microraptor Gui: The Dinosaur with Four Wings :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Microraptor Gui: The Dinosaur with Four Wings Knowing that pterodactyls belong to a separate group of reptiles than dinosaurs, the thought of a dinosaur with wings may seem somewhat strange. But a fairly recent archeological find adds an extra detail to make this idea truly bizarre: a dinosaur with four wings. Microraptor gui, discovered by Xing Xu and colleagues, is believed to be a kind of missing link between strictly ground-dwelling dinosaurs and birds, namely Archaeopteryx, the earliest known creature to be considered a bird. While there can be no debate over the discovery itself, the implications made from its discovery haven’t been entirely accepted, with many arguing them altogether. Besides being an oddity, what makes this particular find so significant? What are these implications that have riled some scientists up, and what is it that these experts argue? Before any sort of discussion on the debate of what M. gui implies, however, the details of this odd reptile’s discovered fossils should be given. Through past research and findings, the leading theory on the origin of birds traces them back to dinosaurs, more specifically a type of bipedal dinosaur called theropods. Within this group of mostly carnivorous dinosaurs are the dromaeosaurids, and they specifically are believed to be the closest dinosaur ancestors of birds. The discovered fossils of the dramaeosaurid M. gui form of a nearly complete skeleton, and it’s been compared with a similar, previously discovered Microraptor skeleton. The place of M. gui’s discovery was Dapingfang, Chaoyang County in western Liaoning, China, also known as the Jiufotang Formation_. Xu and colleagues declare the fossils to be dated from the early Cretaceous period (about 124 - 128 million years ago_)_ through others’ radiometric dating and biostratagraphical correlations of that region_. Interestingly, the closest ancestors of many of the dinosaurs found within this area of China are believed to have lived not during the early Cretaceous, but the late Jurassic_. Paleogeographers have theorized that this area was thoroughly isolated during the very late Jurassic and into the early Cretaceous_. With paleontologists theorizing that Archaeopteryx came into existence 25 million years before the dated existence of these M. gui fossils_, M. gui i s still believed to be a basal dromaeosaurid, meaning that it’s one of the earliest of this type of theropod, maintaining that these fossils are of an ancestor to Archaeopteryx and all birds.

Alan Mulally, Ceo, Ford Motor Company

Describe what is motivating Jim Goodnight. Discuss how these factors are similar or different to what may motivate you if you worked at SAS. What motivates Jim goodnight is that he has assembled a company with loyal employees that enjoy working in the organization. Jim believes that† if you treat employees as if they make a difference to the company, they will make a difference† to the company. (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011) As stated in the case just having the ability to work in relax and stress free environment makes the job more productive which is a great factor in any job you work at. Jim offers great benefits to work at SAS. SAS has an on cite daycare center for kids is a great factor. Having the ability to have unlimited sick days to take off for family. Those are the most important factors when working because you never want to feel like you put your job in jeopardy for taking off a lot for sick days. Hellriegel, D. & Slocum, Jr. J. (2011). Organizational behavior. Mason, OH Cengage Learning publishing Describe ethical problems associated with performance-based reward programs. Ethical problems associated with based performance reward programs are for example with DIRECTV as a CSR are incentives are base upon our yearly performance which our supervisor gets a percentage of that. I feel that supervisors shouldn’t be able to get a certain percentage of the employee’s earnings. This has been implemented from the job as a offer or incentive to supervisor as a benefit for the job. In your experience, explain any abuses you have seen. An experience I have seen at a previous job where I have worked, an employee has trained another employee for a supervisor position and once trained the employee made less money than the other employee that was trained. I find that to be ethical. Recommend how leaders can correct such abuses. Leaders need to design a better management that can be the over sea to correct the loop holes in the issues that are occurring. Employees shouldn’t train management. There should be a team of management trainers that train the managers for their jobs.

Effects of Emotional Stress on Dental Health Research Proposal Examples

Abstract Stress is a dynamic and interactional process involving intricate body systems with formulations and operationalisation of the components at different levels(1).There is growing evidence that there is a positive correlation between emotional stress and oral health. As will be demonstrated from the literature reviewed in this paper emotional stress can be implicated in oral problems such as ulcerative conditions, inflammatory conditions, dental decay, TMD, RAS and others that continue to be linked to stress. Stress has also been found to aggravate some oral conditions such as oral lichen planus. In some of these conditions the precise mechanisms by which stress causes or aggravates them is not clear though definite association has been demonstrated. However in most conditions stress modifies the local immunological responses, the microbial flora or results in behavioural choices such as excess alcohol consumption, tobacco taking and unhygienic practices that have been implicated in these conditions. Despite the plethora of research on this subject the association of stress and oral health is fairly ignored and very few people are aware of this association because it is not as publicized as the other conditions associated with stress It is therefore important evaluate the effects of emotional stress on dental health and to educate the population on the same particularly because of the impact of the oral disorders on the quality of life. This paper will explore the various oral disoreders that have strongly been associated with stress. The paper shall comprise of a review, though not exhaustive, of the available literature on the subject attempting (where possible) to asses the mechanisms involved. Introduction Background Information Stress is a naturally occurring phenomenon in the modern society due to the pressures of life. Stress is an interaction of psychological and physiological reactions of an individual encountering changes or demands that are difficult to handle. The demands of life accompanied by very little control or ability to meet those demand conspire to affect the mental state of an individual resulting in such effects as anxiety, depression, panic attacks, lack of sleep associated with irritability and stress. Several factors contribute to stress in the modern society and they include, solitary careers, strife for perfection, economic pressure, career pressure, personality complexes and time pressure(2). It has been established that most if not all people experience different forms and different levels of stress at some point occasioned by internal or/and external factors. From a biological view point stress, though the negative effects are over emphasized, can be a neutral, negative or positive experience.   It is important to not that our bodies respond differently to stress and a lot of research has been carried out to establish the pathological responses to stress. The behavioural changes and hormonal modifications induced by stress explain the relationship between stress and disease. Of particular interest to this research paper are the effects of emotional stress on oral health. A plethora of research has established that there is a significant link between emotional stress and oral health hence implicating anxiety and depression for development of certain oral disorders. Some of the most important oral conditions that have been associated with dental emotional health are bruxism (tooth grinding which may culminate into teeth damage, jaw or facial pain and headaches), canker sores also called aphthous ulcers, dry mouth, burning mouth syndrome, Lichen planus and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ). In addition emotional stress has been implicated in contributing to susceptibility to various infections including gum infections (periodontitis)(3). The oral health of individuals with emotional stress is also affected by the fact that they tend to ignore personal hygiene and engage in destructive activities such as smocking and excessive alcohol consumption. Pharmacological studies have also established that some of the drugs administered to treat depression cause dryness of the mouth. Finally in patients with some of the above mentioned oral conditions stress has been shown to cause relapse after treatment. Research objective The aim of this study is to assess the influence of the emotional stress on dental health Justification All people encounter different forms and levels of stress in life. Stress can be subtle and not easy to identify but often stress manifests as anxiety disorders, depression, panic attacks and lack of sleep culminating in irritability and grogginess. Emotional stress has been recognized as a risk factor in the aetiology and pathogenesis of several diseases. Chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease are some of the conditions initiated and exacerbated by emotional stress. A lot of attention has been given to these conditions and the cardiovascular effects of stress. However the association of stress and oral health is fairly ignored and very few people are aware of this association because it is not as publicized as the other conditions associated with stress. Unfortunately the mouth has as much of a probability of being affected by stress as any other part of the bodies and the mind. It is therefore import ant evaluate the effects of emotional stress on dental health and to educate the population on the same. Literature Review Stress is a dynamic and interactional process involving intricate body systems with formulations and operationalisation of the components at different levels(1). Currently stress is defined as physiological and metabolic perturbations brought about by various aggressive agents and the psycho-physiological response of an organism facing challenges or a threat or a perception of the same(1).   Several factors contribute to stress in the modern society and they include, solitary careers, strife for perfection, economic pressure, career pressure, personality complexes and time pressure(2). Emotional stress has been recognized as a risk factor in the aetiology and pathogenesis of several diseases. Emotional stress has been implicated for negatively affecting the immune system and behaviour the two main means by which stress has been shown to affect health. Research on the effect of stress on mice demonstrated that stress affects the immune system by reducing the tumour necrosis factor and modifying leucocytes responses(4). Similarly human studies have shown that stressful events can affect immune response(5). Research has demonstrated that there is an intricate interaction of psychology, neurology, immunology and endocrinology emphasizing the significance of psychological and physiological vulnerability to face stress(6).   As early research by Ringsdorf and Cheraskin (1969) found that mental stress has an impact on lifestyle choice and dental hygiene habits. They showed that stress increases alcohol consumption and tobacco use as well as food habits, findings that have been confirmed by a recent research(7). Therefore there is evidence that stress affects health mainly by i nfluencing the immune system and behavioural choices. Current research indicates that emotional stress is a risk factor in the aetiology and pathogenesis of several diseases as explored in the subsequent sections. Stress and recurrent aphthus stomatitis Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the commonest ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa that is associated with painful ulcers (McCullough, Abdel-Hafeth, Scully, 2007). Albeit its world wide occurrence and the extensive amount of research devoted to the disorder the aetiology of the RAS remains unclear. However multiple factors including nutritional, genetic, infectious and psychological factors have been associated with the condition(8). The disorder contributes to poor quality of life yet the available therapy is inadequate. As earlier stated psychological factors, including stress, have been associated with exacerbation of RAS. Psychological factors have an effect on the immune system and this effect could be implicated for the disorder(9). Stress and Temporomandibular disorders Temporomandibular disorder is a term that collectively describes several clinical syndromes involving the masticatory muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint(10). Symptomatically the condition is associated facial pain resulting from multiple factors including sleep bruxism and other risk factors associated with psychological status. Stress has been associated with TMD with some studies indicating that 50-75% of the TMD patients experienced stressful conditions prior to the onset of the TMD symptoms(11). Research has also implicate increased masticatory muscle activity, leading particularly prolonged and increased muscle tension, associated tor stress for the causation of TMD(12). There are also indications that stress exacerbates sleep bruxism and/or daytime clenching(13). Patients with TMD could benefit from psychotherapy as part of multidisciplinary pain management approach(14). Stress appears to activate various physiological responses involving the nervous system (both central and peripheral NS). Activation of the sympathetic nerves and release of epinephrine at the sympathetic terminals by stress and anxiety enhances acetylcholine activity at the motor endplate and triggers a cascade of events culminating in decreased threshold at muscle nociceptors and pain(10). There is evidence that psychological factors and physiological responses contribute to the pain but as to whether they actually cause TMD it is not known. However there are indications that some patients suffering from TMD are more anxious than can be explained by asymptomatic controls. Stress and orthodontics treatment A recent study showed that orthodontic tooth movement alone can evoke emotional stress and emotional stress results in increased cellular cementum resorption and particularly to decreased tooth movement(15). This study also demonstrated that progressive chronic emotional and physical stress leads to significant morphological changes in oral dental tissues in rats. The researchers therefore concluded that chronic stress can lead to periodontal pathology, exacerbate the exhaustion of protective immune responses, impair the functioning of the masticatory muscles and affect the growth and development of the dentomaxillomandibular system. The severity of these effects positively correlates with the strength of the stressor and negatively with the tolerance of the individual test animal. Psychological stress influences various immune functions in various ways. Stress and dental Caries Dental caries also called dental decay is a preventable infectious disease characterised by erosion of the mineral tissues of teeth caused by organic acids produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates ((16)). It has been rated the most common childhood chronic disease affecting up to 40-50% of British and USA children(17) and 60-90% children in the world in the age bracket of 2 to 11 years(18). Early childhood caries (ECC) is associated with an interaction of multiple factors including psychological, biological and behavioural factors. Though the association between this condition and stress remain amorphous studies have been conducted to establish the link. One such study investigated psychological stress as a risk factor in the aetiology of ECC by determining and comparing the salivary cortisol levels as a response to stress related events in children with ECC and those without. The study also compared the adaptability of children with ECC and those without to different dental procedures(19). Research indicates that psychological and biological factors seem to interact in two distinct and interactive ways to influence dental decay. Children from lower SES families appeared to acquire higher levels of cariogenic oral bacterial than their peers from higher SES families. This indicated a strong correlation between SES and counts of Lactobacilli (LB) and oral mutans streptococci (MS) which were therefore implicated for mediating the SES-caries association. Secondly cortisol reactivity to stress and higher production of salivary cortisol undermines local defences and protective microanatomical structures thus compromising dental health. The presence of cariogenic bacteria as well as elevated basal HPA activation was linked to dentition while increased cortisol reactivity was associated with changes in the physical characteristics of dental enamel. The association of cortisol and bacteria with caries agrees with earlier findings that chronic stress can affect sIgA (secretory Ig A) secretion(20), that cortisol can affect local mucosal immunity and oral microflora, and that the compromising of the mucosal immunity encourages bacterial colonization and growth (21). It is important to note that sIgA plays a vital role in regulating the oral microflora and that gluco-corticoids suppress the immune responses through such mechanisms as reducing lymphocytes in circulation, inhibiting the aggregation of immune cells,reducing chemotaxis and degranulation and reducing production of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor.   These reports lead to the conclusion that socioeconomic categorization of ECC is a culmination of stress related elevation of cortisol production and the increase in the population of cariogenic bacteria(22). Stress and Oral lichen planus Oral lichen planus is a condition that involves the inflammation of the oral mucosa and is characterized by red swollen tissues, open sores and white lacy patches(23). It begins as a small raised swelling that progressively turns into white lacy patches that eventually spread through out the mouth. It is also accompanied by moth pain, sores and blisters, a burning sensation in the mouth, a feeling of rough texture in the mouth and sore gums. The patient may also bleed when brushing his/her teeth and have a metallic taste in the mouth(24). The precise aetiology of oral lichen planus remains unknown but it seems to be an autoimmune response in which the immune system attacks the oral epithelial cells leading to necrosis. In most cases it occurs unexpectedly thus referred to as idiopathic oral lichen planus. It may also occur due to certain drugs, mechanical trauma, viral infection and contact with allergens. The exact association of oral lichen planus with stress has not been identified because unlike other stress related oral disorders that have been shown to be caused by suppression of the immune system by stress oral lichen planus is associated with n over reactive immune system. However there is overwhelming evidence that psychological stress exacerbates oral lichen planus by unknown mechanisms(25). Periodontitis, inflammation of the tissues supporting the teeth, is another inflammatory disorder that has been associated with stress. Unlike oral lichen planus, the cause of periodontitis is well known. Periodontitis i s caused infectious bacteria. Research indicate that stress modify the microbial flora of the mouth as well as the local immunity thus leading to periodontitis(3). Conclusion There is growing evidence that there is a positive correlation between emotional stress and oral health. As has been demonstrated from the literature reviewed in this paper emotional stress can be implicated in oral problems such as ulcerative conditions, inflammatory conditions, dental decay, TMD, RAS and others that continue to be linked to stress. Stress has also been found to aggravate some oral conditions such as oral lichen planus. In some of these conditions the precise mechanisms by which stress causes or aggravates them is not clear though definite association has been demonstrated. However in most conditions stress modifies the local immunological responses, the microbial flora or results in behavioural choices such as excess alcohol consumption, tobacco taking and unhygienic practices that have been implicated in these conditions. It is therefore advisable to reduce stressful encounters as much as possible and to manage stress effectively. References Reners M, Brecx M.   Stress and periodontal disease. Int J Dent Hyg. 2007; 12 (3):   532-543. Lang S, Randy M. 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